General approaches to anthropophysiological characterization of age-related changes in human circulation

Abstract

This analytical review analyzes the dynamics of the hydrostatic (gravitational) factor of circulation in accordance with major stages of adaptation in the process of human development and vital activity under the conditions of bipedal locomotion (anthropogenetic model of postnatal ontogenesis). This dynamics is compared with available data on growth-related changes in heart mass and cardiac output (CO). Fundamental differences are demonstrated for age-related CO changes in prone and upright positions. These differences particularly clearly evident from the
hydrostatic heart index calculated as a ratio of MVB (ml) to the height of hydrostatic blood column (cm). The anthropogenetic model of postnatal ontogenesis determines the type of dynamic organization of the cardiovascular system (CVS) by the ratio of upright/prone CO (%) as the hypokinetic state with decreased upright CO compared to prone CO, eukinetic state (unchanged CO), and hyperkinetic state with increased upright CO. The major trend in age dynamics is a permanent decrease in the hypokinetic state and an increase in the hyperkinetic state.