Abnormalities of the nucleus in the epithelial cells of the implant-gingival sulcus

Abstract

Epithelial cells of the oral cavity are an accessible object for studying the damaging effects of environmental factors. Nuclear anomalies (NA) are understood as structural changes in the nucleus associated with disruption of the cell cycle, direct damage to genetic material or processes of cell death. During dental implantation operations, the connective epithelium, which is one of the functional compartments of the gum epithelium, plays a leading role in the osseointegration of the implant. The aim of the work was to evaluate the diversity of NA in the epithelial cells of the connective epithelium of the implant-gingival sulcus during dental implantation.

Methodology: The material was collected by immersion in the implant-gingival furrow of the Microbrash XS dental applicator. The prints were dried in air at room temperature and stained according to the standard Romanovsky-Giems technique. The analysis of the anomalies of the nucleus of epithelial cells was carried out using an Olympus BX31 light microscope.

Results: In the cells of the connective epithelium, all the variants of NA found in the buccal epithelium were found, especially if tissue repair took place with complications. The occurrence of NA is associated with a chronic inflammatory reaction, systemic diseases, and the toxic effect of cigarette smoke.

Conclusion: If the NA in buccal epithelium cells is sed to assess the damaging effect of the environment, then the NA in the connective epithelium are an additional criterion for quality control of implant osseointegration.