Pathophysiological aspects of the development of cerebral atherosclerosis

Abstract

Cerebrovascular disease is the most important current medical and social challenge. Cerebral atherosclerosis is one of the leading factors in the development of this pathology. This review focuses on the pathogenetic significance of biochemical markers for cerebral atherosclerosis. The modern view of the mechanisms underlying atherosclerotic lesions is addressed in detail. The review shows the involvement of endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolic disorders in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The authors highlighted the role of biochemical markers, such as endothelin-1, nitric oxide, adiponectin, interleukin-6, interleukin-1ß, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in the development of atherosclerosis and underlined their relationship with clinical manifestations of cerebral atherosclerosis.