Platelets as a potential diagnostic marker of coronary heart disease

Abstract

Coronary heart disease requires further study in order to find a sensitive, specific, and easy-to-use diagnostic criterion. Platelets, as direct participants in cardiovascular events, are of interest both from the pathophysiological point of view and in clinical practice. The review examines the evolution of concepts regarding platelet functions: from their role in hemostasis and the discovery of key glycoproteins to modern data on their participation in the immune response and inflammation. Currently studied platelet markers are analyzed, including mean platelet volume, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, surface receptor expression, and systemic inflammation indices; however, their specificity may be questionable. Markers of platelet apoptosis, such as caspase-8 expression and phosphatidylserine translocation, appear promising. The relationship between platelet apoptosis and coronary heart disease remains almost unexplored, making them a promising target for further research as a diagnostic criterion.