Neurofibromatosis and porencephalic cyst as risk factors for the development of local subarachnoid haemorrhage (clinical case)

Abstract

Local subarachnoid haemorrhage in combination with neurofibromatosis, meningoencephalocele and porencephalic cyst develops as a result of complex interaction between structural and mechanical factors. Together, these pathologies pose a high risk of rupture of small vessels in the subarachnoid space, causing increased intracranial pressure, irritation of the meninges, vasospasm, and ischaemic complications. This mechanism requires comprehensive diagnosis and specialised treatment.

The aim of this study is to describe a clinical case of neurofibromatosis as a risk factor for subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Materials and methods. The study material was a case history taken from the neurology department of an inpatient diagnosed with neurofibromatosis complicated by local subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Results and discussion. A patient was brought to the neurology department by an ambulance team for acute cerebrovascular accident. He fell ill acutely against a background of increased blood pressure and loss of consciousness, and tonic convulsions were also noted. He had a history of congenital brain anomaly. During the examination, local subarachnoid haemorrhage in the left parietal region was detected. Treatment was prescribed based on the results of laboratory and instrumental examinations. The patient's condition improved with anti-ischaemic and haemostatic therapy.

Conclusions. Studying the characteristics of such cases can be useful in the practice of neurologists and increase awareness of these pathologies. Due to the fact that combined diseases of the central nervous system are rare in the practice of a neurologist, the analysis of clinical cases demonstrates the importance of being informed about these pathologies and allows for a complete examination, referral of the patient for laboratory, instrumental and other additional examination methods, and prescribe adequate treatment aimed at improving the patient's condition and achieving a full recovery.