Models for development of calcium-oxalate and calcium-phosphate urolithiasis in experimental conditions

Abstract

Urolithiasis takes one of leading places among urological diseases, which allows attributing this disease to the category of socially significant diseases. Calcium oxalates account for 72% and calcium phosphates — 14.7% of all kidney stones. The aim of this study was to evaluate experimental models of urolithiasis to identify similarities and differences in similar processes occurring in experimental animals and humans. In this review, we focused on pathophysiological models for development of urolithiasis using administration of oxalate, ethylene glycol, hydroxyproline, and glycolic acid. We addressed modeling the formation of kidney calcium stones in rodents depending on the presence of nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis or both.