Mechanisms of toxic nephropathology

Abstract

The review focused on systematizing new information about features of kidney damage induced by exposure to chemical or natural substances and medicines. This review mainly addressed mechanisms of kidney injury by direct nephrotoxins with a primary effect on kidneys and also mechanisms for development of tubulointerstitial nephritis and nephrofibrosis. The author discussed current concepts of the etiology and pathogenesis of toxic nephropathy, including nephropathies induced by exogenous intoxication and iatrogenic. The article showed that the dose-dependent toxicity of direct nephrotoxins is mediated by mechanisms of necrotic and apoptotic cell death. The classification of nephrotoxins based on their site of action in the kidney is analyzed in detail. Some aspects of the pathogenesis of drug-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis are discussed.