Metabolic predictors of ischemic stroke: Protein C, D-dimers, macro- and microelements (review)

Abstract

Hematological disorders and hypercoagulability underlie the mechanism of brain ischemia. The formation and structure of fibrin are affected by divalent ions, which ultimately leads to changes in blood viscosity, thrombocytosis, and coagulopathy. Changes in the balance of macro- and microelements can predict neurotrophic disorders in the brain long before their clinical manifestation, since the disturbed metal-ligand homeostasis is an unfavorable factor for the onset of ischemic stroke. Thus, studying the multistage homeostatic mechanisms for the interplay of cerebral circulation and brain metabolism and function is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disorders. Normal blood supply and constant regional perfusion provide for the high brain demand for energy. Specific proteins, including protein C and D-dimers, as well as macro- and microelements, play a key role in the multifactorial coagulation system.