Pathophysiological role of large-conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa) and inward-rectifier channels (Kir) in the regulation of the cardiovascular system

Abstract

Disorders of regulatory mechanisms of vascular and myocardial contractile function underlie the development of cardiovascular diseases. Potassium channels play an important role in the regulation of blood flow in tissues and organs. These channels are involved in maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis, that predominantly determines the contractile activity of vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes, and in the development of a number of pathological conditions. This review focuses on the structure and mechanisms of modulation by endogenous signaling molecules of the large-conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa) and representatives of a large family of inward-rectifier channels (Kir), including classic Kir and ATP-sensitive channels. The authors addressed the role of these channels in the regulation of vascular and myocardial contractility, and the involvement of these channels in the formation of cardiovascular pathology.