The influence of combined loading of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory components into microcapsules with silver nanoparticles on the effectiveness of the gel in correcting key links in the pathogenesis of periodontitis

Abstract

Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial disease with a complex etiopathogenesis, including an inflammatory response, endothelial dysfunction and bone resorption as a reaction to the negative impact of periodontal pathogenic flora. Targeted delivery of active components, including antibacterial ones, their prolonged release and directed action on the key links in pathogenesis, open up new prospects for improving the periodontal treatment quality. The use of microencapsulation technologies allows to functionally modify dental gels due to possibility to regulate the release of active components.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined loading of metronidazole and tannic acid into alginate microcapsules on systemic manifestations of the inflammatory response, endothelial dysfunction and bone resorption in periodontitis in experimental rats.

Material and methods. The study was carried out on 50 male rats. Control group – 10 intact rats. Comparison group – 10 animals with experimental periodontitis (EP), experimental groups No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 each included 10 rats with EP, which received applications of a gel containing microcapsules loaded with tannic acid (TA), metronidazole (MT) and their combination (TA+MT), respectively. The total duration of the experiment was 5 weeks, then the concentration of markers of the inflammatory response (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and C-reactive protein,), endothelial alteration (vasculoendothelial growth factor, sE-selectin, syndecan-1), and bone tissue destruction (C-terminal protein fragments of type I collagen) was assessed in the blood serum.

Results. The development of EP in rats is accompanied by an increase in the concentration of markers of the systemic inflammatory response, alteration of the endothelium, as well as bone tissue resorption. The use of a gel, microcapsules of which were loaded with TA or MT separately, reduces the level of markers of the systemic inflammatory response, alteration and dysfunction of the endothelium and bone resorption in rats with EP. The combination of TA and MT in microcapsules in rats with EP effectively reduces elevated blood concentrations of C-reactive protein, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, vascular endothelial growth factor and type I collagen fragments compared to analogues loaded with only one of the components.

Conclusion. The combination of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory components allows achieving the most pronounced correction of key links in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis, including the inflammatory response and its systemic manifestations, endothelial dysfunction, and bone tissue resorption.