Pathophysiology of platinum and palladium nanoparticles bioeffects

Abstract

This review article describes literature sources devoted to the investigation of bioeffects of platinum and palladium nanoparticles (NPPt and NPPd). The review focuses on the key role of their catalytic properties.

NPPt exhibit catalase- and superoxide dismutase-like properties, which allows them to be considered as modulators of the body's redox balance and used in the therapy of pathologies accompanied by oxidative stress. The possibility of activating prodrugs on NPPd is being considered. In vitro and in vivo experiments show low toxicity of NPPt and NPPd. However, the pH dependence of the catalytic properties of nanoparticles, the presence of prooxidant activity and nephrotoxicity of platinum nanoparticles of small size (up to 1 nm) gives ambiguity to the conclusions about the possibility of medical use of platinum nanoparticles.